Some common questions about toluene diisocyanate

What is toluene diisocyanate?

Two isomeric forms of toluene diisocyanate (2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate) are present, and both have features and effects that are identical. Commercial production of toluene diisocyanate involves mixing the two isomers in an 80:20 ratio (2,4-toluene diisocyanate: 2,6-toluene diisocyanate). The combination has a harsh, pungent smell and is a clear, pale yellow liquid at room temperature. It should be kept chilled, out of the way of light and moisture, in a container that is well sealed, and in an environment with an inert atmosphere. Toluene diisocyanate is miscible with the majority of common organic solvents but insoluble in water.

What immediate health effects can be caused by exposure to toluene diisocyanate?

Toluene diisocyanate can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs and induce coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath when present in low concentrations in the air. Higher concentrations may result in a buildup of fluid in the lungs, which may be fatal.If liquid toluene diisocyanate comes in contact with the skin or eyes, it can cause severe burns. Generally, the more serious the exposure, the more severe the symptoms.

Can toluene diisocyanate poisoning be treated?

Toluene diisocyanate does not have an antidote, although its effects may be managed, and the majority of affected individuals recover. People who have been seriously exposed may need to be hospitalized.

Are any future health effects likely to occur?

Some people may acquire allergies as a result of being exposed to toluene diisocyanate, in which case even small exposures to this chemical or other irritants might cause asthma episodes or shortness of breath. Because of this, it's critical that you let your doctor know if you've been exposed to toluene diisocyanate. Toluene diisocyanate can harm the lungs permanently following a severe exposure or several exposures. Poisoning with toluene diisocyanate can result in long-lasting abnormalities in the nervous system's functioning, including issues with memory, learning, thinking, and sleeping, as well as personality changes, depression, headaches, and sensory and perceptual disturbances.

What tests can be done if a person has been exposed to toluene diisocyanate?

There are no specific tests available to detect the presence of toluene diisocyanate in the blood. A chest x-ray and respiratory function testing can determine whether lung damage has occurred after a severe exposure. Neurobehavioral toxicity testing may be necessary for patients who have memory, concentration, or personality impairments, as well as those who have seizures or convulsions after being exposed to toluene diisocyanate. Testing is not always necessary.

Where can more information about toluene diisocyanate be found?

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), your local poison control center, the state, county, or local health department, your doctor, or a clinic that focuses on occupational and environmental health in your area can all provide you with more information about toluene diisocyanate.If the exposure happened at work, you may wish to discuss it with your employer, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).