Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP-K30 on Direct Dyeing

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a water-soluble polymer with excellent solubility, biodegradability, physiological compatibility, low toxicity, high molecular surfactant properties and good compounding ability with other compounds and high stability to salts, acids and heat, and is now widely used in pharmaceuticals, daily chemicals, food processing and other fields, and will be more widely used as PVP synthesis methods are improved and prices fall. Depending on the average molecular weight, they are classified as PVP K15, PVP K30, PVP K60, PVP K90,etc.

Water-soluble polymers interact with dyestuffs to change their dyeing properties and the properties of fibres, and can improve the solubility, dispersion and homogenisation of dyestuffs. It is therefore necessary to further study their effect on the dyeing properties of various types of dyestuffs, which is of practical value for the development of dyeing auxiliaries and the control of the dyeing process.

This paper focuses on the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the dyeing rate of direct dyes and the interaction with dyes, and also has implications for the dyeing of anionic dyes such as reactive dyes and acid dyes.

Through research and testing it was found that:

(1) PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) can significantly reduce the dyeing rate of direct dyes and play a role in slowing down and leveling out the dyeing. In the case of achieving the same effect, the dosage is much lower than that of the non-ionic surfactant Pingpingjia O. The suitable dosage is 0.05-0.1g/L. Too high a dosage will lead to a large number of dyes not being dyed and affect the final dyeing rate.

(2) PVP causes the absorption spectrum of direct dyes to shift in the direction of longer wavelengths, and the absorbance decreases, indicating that the conjoining effect occurs between the two and the dye aggregation decreases.

(3) Due to the strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic bonding between PVP and direct dyestuff, the dyeing rate is affected by temperature, and the retarding effect at lower temperature is more obvious.

(4) In the presence of PVP, the neutral electrolyte still has a strong dyeing-promoting effect, but PVP can slow down the dyeing rate and reduce dye aggregation on the surface of the fabric through the association with the dyestuff to improve the evenness of dyeing.

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